1737, Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Charles I. Silver Medal by J.C. Koch. NGC MS-61!

Description

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1737, Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Charles I. Silver Medal by J.C. Koch. NGC MS-61!
Mint Year: 1737
Denominations: Medal
Medallist: Johann Christian Koch
Reference: Brockmann 497, Fiala 1862.
Condition:
Certified and graded by NGC as MS-62!
Weight: 15.32gm
Diameter: 34mm
Material: Silver
Obverse:
Draped young bust of Charles I left. Medallist´s signature (KOCH.) below.
Legend. CAROLVS D G . DVX BRVNS . ET  LVNEB .
Reverse:
Leaping horse of the House of Welf left. Banner with motto ("
Never backward, fortune favours the bold.
"), date (
1737.
) in exergue.
Banner Inscription: NVNQUAM RETRORSVM
The
House of Welf
(also
Guelf
or
Guelph
) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century.
In 1269 the Principality of Brunswick was formed following the first division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1432, as a result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of Brunswick, the Brunswick Line moved their residence to Wolfenbüttel Castle, thus the name Wolfenbüttel became the unofficial name of this principality. With Ivan VI of Russia the Brunswick line even had a short intermezzo on the Russian imperial throne in 1740. Not until 1754 was the residence moved back to Brunswick, into the new Brunswick Palace. In 1814 the principality became the Duchy of Brunswick, ruled by the senior branch of the House of Welf.
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Charles
(German:
Karl
; 1 August 1713, Braunschweig – 26 March 1780, Braunschweig), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Bevern line), reigned as Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1735 until his death.
Charles was the eldest son of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He fought under Prince Eugene of Savoy against the Ottoman Empire before inheriting the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from his father in 1735. Through his mother he was first cousins with Empress Maria Theresa
On the suggestion of his court-preacher, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, in 1745 he founded the
Collegium Carolinum
, an institute of higher education which is today known as the Technical University of Brunswick. He also hired Gotthold Ephraim Lessing as the librarian for the
Bibliotheca Augusta
, the ducal library. Lorenz Heister of the University of Helmstedt named the botanical genus
Brunsvigia
in his honour, in recognition of his encouragement of botany and the study of
B. orientalis
.
Charles attempted to promote the economic development of his state; for example, he founded the Fürstenberg Porcelain Company, and he installed mandatory fire insurance. However, he did not manage to keep the state finances in check. As a consequence, in 1773 his eldest son Charles William Ferdinand took over government.
When the American Revolution began in 1775, Prince Charles saw an opportunity to replenish the duchy's treasury by renting its army to Great Britain. In 1776, Duke Charles signed a treaty with his cousin George III of the United Kingdom to supply troops for service with the British armies in America. 4,000 soldiers were dispatched under General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel. The Brunswick troops fought in General John Burgoyne's army at the Battles of Saratoga (1777), where they were taken prisoner as part of the Convention Army. Although the terms of surrender allowed the troops to return to Europe, the American Continental Congress cancelled the convention. The Convention Army was held prisoner in America until the war ended in 1783.
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